四级真题2022年9月第一套 Passage One
四级真题2022年9月第一套 Passage One


①　Academic dishonesty is nothing new. As long as there have been homework assignments and tests,there have been cheaters. The way that cheating looks has changed over time, though, particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever.A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics. Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour. A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone, though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated. In many cases, students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all.

②　In today's classrooms, students who cheat are rarely caught. There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle, or whispering answers to their classmates. Today's students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes. Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies, students do not view the actions unethical.
③　The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way. From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites.
④　Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process. Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes.

1.1.What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?

A Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating.

B Cheating was becoming a way of life for a majority of high school teens.

C More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.

D Cheating was getting more and more difficult for high school students.

解析：选C。C 细节理解题。由题干中的 the study by the JosephsonInstitute of Ethics 定位到第一段。定位段第五句指出,在接受调查的青少年中,有51%的人表示自己在某次考试中有意作弊,但他们并没有对这种行为感到不安。由此可见，一半以上的受访者对作弊没有负罪感,故答案为 C。

2.2.What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal?

A Most parents tended to overprotect their children.

B Many students committed cheating unknowingly.

C Students were in urgent need of ethical education.

D Parents and kids had conflicting ideas over cheating.

解析：选B。B 推理判断题。由题干中的 the Common Sense Media定位到第一段倒数第一、二句。文章第一段倒数第一句提到,在许多情况下,学生丝毫没有意识到用智能手机查找答案这样的策略实际上是作弊。由此可知,通识传媒的调查揭示了许多学生在不知不觉中作弊,故答案为 B。

3.3.Why do students rarely get caught cheating nowadays?

A They copy formulas on their palms.

B They help each other to cover up their acts.

C They keep changing their ways of cheating.

D They make use of modern technology.

解析：选D。D 推理判断题。由题干中的rarely get caught 和 cheatingnowadays定位到第二段。定位段第三句指出,如今的学生使用智能手机、平板电脑甚至课堂电脑作弊,而且不会留下任何犯罪痕迹。由此可知,学生们利用现代科技作弊,这样不会留下痕迹,故答案为 D。

4.4. What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?

A Bring policies against cheating up to date.

B Reform their exam methods constantly.

C Take advantage of the latest technologies.

D Alert parents to their children's behaviour.

解析：选A。A 推理判断题。由题干中的 author、schools 和 tackle cheating 定位到第四段第一句。定位句提到,学校必须制定包含技术在内的反作弊政策,而且这些政策必须持续更新。由此可见，作者认为学校应该更新反作弊政策,故答案为 A。

5.5.What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom?

A Prevent students from overusing electronic devices.

B Develop more effective anti-cheating strategies.

C Find more ways to curb students'unethical acts.

D Guard against students' misuse of technology.

解析：选D。D 推理判断题。由题干中的 author suggest teachers do inthe classroom 定位到最后一段第二句。定位句指出，教师必须保持警惕,了解学生在课堂上的一举一动以及科技如何在学生学习过程中起负面作用。由此可见，作者建议教师防止学生错误使用科技，D)中的misuse of technology 对应定位句中的 playing anegative role,故答案为 D。