①　Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

③　But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

④　Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases – or hire outside screeners.

⑤　John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.

⑥　Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.

1.1.The time needed in making decisions may ________.

A predetermine the accuracy of our judgment

B prove the complexity of our brain reaction

C depend on the importance of the assessment

D vary according to the urgency of the situation

解析：选D。 D推理判断题。第二段①②句首先指出：判断某人是否危险人物，我们在几毫秒内便可完成；但若评估其他因素，则需要更多时间。③④句进一步指出：判断某人是否爱交际可能需要一到五分钟；判断性格更为复杂的方面则需要花上一段时间。综合可知：紧急情况不同，决定所需时间不同，[D]正确。

2.2.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ________.

A can be associative

B are not unconscious

C can be dangerous

D are not impulsive

解析：选A。 A例证题。根据题干信号词 a fast-food logo可定位至第三段。第三段指出心理学家发现：人们看到快餐标识可能导致其他非就餐行为的加速，如阅读速度加快、感觉乐曲播放时间变长等，原因在于人们无意识地将快餐与速度、急切联系到一起，并将这些冲动情绪带到我们所做的事情当中，言外之意，人们无意识地将不同行为的感觉加以关联，[A]正确。

3.3.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ________.

A trust our first impression

B think before we act

C do as people usually do

D ask for expert advice

解析：选B。 B细节理解题。根据题干关键词reverse the negative influences可定位至文中第四段。第四段首先表明我们有能力避免这些负面影响，随后列举两个例子加以说明。第一个例子即为“我们如果知道销售员的微笑会促使我们做出快速决策（即冲动购物），那我们就会在购物前多想一想（以避免冲动消费）”，由此可清楚知道，“想好之后再行动”可以消除仓促决定的负面影响，[B]符合文意。

4.4.John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on ________.

A critical assessment

B “thin sliced” study

C adequate information

D sensible explanation

解析：选C。 C细节理解题。根据题干关键词John Gottman定位至文中第五段。段中①句指出，John Gottman认为只有把快速反应建立在大量信息长期研究的基础上，我们才能可靠地依据少量信息做出快速反应，也即，快速“提炼”出可靠的信息来自于对“批量信息”的长期研究，由此可推知，可靠的快速判断的基础是充分的信息，[C]正确。

5.5.The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ________.

A tolerant

B optimistic

C uncertain

D doubtful

解析：选B。B观点态度题。根据题干关键词reversing the high-speed trend定位至文章末段。根据末段，作者首先认为能否控制快速做决断是人和动物的区别所在，并在最后一句特别提出我们依然具备这种能力。由此可推知，作者认为这是有希望做到的事情，也即，持有乐观的态度。[B]正确。