②　Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

③　Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

④　With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

⑤　Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some  that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

1.1.“Birds of passage” refers to those who ________.

A stay in a foreign country temporarily

B leave their home countries for good

C immigrate across the Atlantic

D find permanent jobs overseas

解析：选A。 A词意指代题。Birds of passage首次出现在第一段末句，与该句主语they同指。再由上一句可知，they指代“回国定居的意大利移民。继续回顾上文可发现，作者提到意大利移民，是为了例证当时有不少人选择离开美国回国定居。因此，birds of passage指以这些意大利移民为代表的那些无意定居国外的人，[A]正确。

2.2.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ________.

A needs new immigrant categories

B has loosened control over immigrants

C should be adapted to meet challenges

D has been fixed via political means

解析：选C。C推理判断题。根据题干直接定位到第二段。 段中作者首先指出，美国现行移民政策过于严格，将所有移民分为“合法”和“非法”，且只欢迎前者，却驱赶后者。 随后指出：我们需要超越“合法”与“非法”的严格定义，承认生活在灰色地带的候鸟，这样才能应对移民方面的挑战。 另外，从关于美国现行移民政策描述所用贬义词语rigid, broken及paralysis也能判断出作者对其批评态度。[C]选项符合作者观点。

3.3.According to the author, today’s birds of passage want ________.

A financial incentives

B a global recognition

C the freedom to stay and leave

D opportunities to get regular jobs

解析：选C。 C细节理解题。从题干可知，本题考查“现今候鸟的需求（today’s birds of passage want）”，因此可定位至第三段第三句theyprefer...。该句指出，候鸟们希望随机会的召唤而或来或走，[C]选项符合此意。

4.4.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ________.

A as faithful partners

B with legal tolerance

C with economic favors

D as mighty rivals

解析：选B。 B推理判断题。从题干可知，本题考查作者对“应如何对待现今的候鸟”的看法。关于这一问题，作者在第二段就指出，不应严格将所有移民分为合法和非法，而是要承认处在灰色地带的候鸟。第四段又指出，我们需要让新候鸟将美国视为“暂时施展自己才能”的地方，无需让其承诺在此度过终生；让他们感到可以体面地属于两个国家。末段又进一步说明：我们要超越非对即错的文化战逻辑，打开中间地带，以多种途径管理移民并允许多种结果的存在，包括现有体制内难以通过法律达成的一些途径和结果。可见，[B]选项符合文意。

5.5.The most appropriate title for this text would be ________.

A Come and Go: Big Mistake

B Living and Thriving: Great Risk

C With or Without: Great Risk

D Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake

解析：选D。 D主旨大意题。第一段为引子，第二段集中展现作者观点：美国现行移民政策将所有移民严格分为“合法”或“非法”，导致移民体系漏洞百出，导致就“如何将其修复”形成的长期政治瘫痪。故我们应突破这一看法，承认那些处在灰色地带的候鸟（来美工作，但无意永久居留的移民）。第三至五段全面论证作者观点。故本文主旨为将移民严格分为“合法”或“非法”非常错误，应予以调整。[D]正确。