① Research is meant to benefit society by raising public awareness and creating products and innovations that enhance development. For research to serve its full purpose, the results must leave the confines of research laboratories and academic journals.

② Findings effectively communicated can go a long way to serve the interests of the public.  They can help address social injustices or improve treatments offered to patients.

③ Many researchers seem to be content with sharing the results of their studies in academic journals or at conferences. But few journals allow everybody to read the findings. Even articles freely available are usually written in academic language incomprehensible to the average reader.

④ For researchers in the tenure-track system, their main goal is winning tenure, which in part can be achieved by getting a number of papers published in prominent journals. Pressures like this mean community-level outreach is not prioritised.

⑤ Many researchers lack the writing skills to describe their results to a general audience. They may also worry about whether the public will understand their findings, or about findings being used to influence controversial policies. These concerns cause some researchers to shy away from communicating their findings outside the academic community.

⑥ Propagating research findings beyond academic publications is particularly crucial for addressing certain social discrepancies. It can help families, communities, healthcare providers, policymakers, government agencies and other stakeholders to understand and respond to crises that plague society.

⑦ The benefits of sharing findings flow both ways. Engaging with other researchers and the public can lead to unexpected new connections and new ideas that could suggest fruitful new directions for research.

⑧ To benefit both researchers and the communities, the need to find innovative, accessible ways to share the work cannot be overstated.

⑨ Institutions and funding organisations should support more researchers to publish in open access journals so that the public doesn’t have to pay to read them. Institutions and researchers should invest in partnerships that expand capacity for sharing results more broadly.

⑩ Furthermore, ethics committees should make it mandatory for researchers to share their results with the public. Every research participant should opt in or out of receiving results, as part of the process of giving informed consent.

⑪ There could be misunderstanding of the findings presented by the researcher because of technical terms. But this can be resolved by researchers engaging the services of professional writers or communication officers to help with translating their study into more accessible language and share it widely with media outlets and the public.

⑫ Sharing results with the people who are most affected by them makes us better researchers and ensures that our work can be used to improve people’s lives. Institutions and collaborators must recognise the value of doing so. 

1.1. How can research serve its full purpose according to the author?

A With researchers being aware of public interests.

B With its findings published in prominent journals.

C With researchers creating products that enhance social development.

D With its findings properly communicated beyond the academic circle.

解析：选D。D 细节理解题。文章第①段明确提到：“For research to serve its full purpose, the results must leave the confines of research laboratories and academic journals.” 即研究成果必须走出实验室和学术期刊的局限。第②段进一步强调“Findings effectively communicated can go a long way to serve the interests of the public.” 因此，研究充分发挥作用的前提是成果在学术界之外得到有效传播。选项D“With its findings properly communicated beyond the academic circle” 直接对应这一内容，其他选项未直接体现“传播”这一核心要求。故选D。

2.2. Why do ordinary readers find it difficult to access the results of researchers’ studies?

A They cannot understand the academic language used for reporting these results.

B They feel intimidated by the jargon researchers use to describe their findings.

C They do not attend conferences where these results are freely available.

D They have few chances to locate the journals that publish these findings.

解析：选A。A 细节理解题。第③段指出：“Even articles freely available are usually written in academic language incomprehensible to the average reader.” 说明即使论文免费公开，普通读者也难以理解其中的学术语言。选项A“They cannot understand the academic language used for reporting these results” 与此完全一致。其他选项如“术语令人畏惧”或“找不到期刊”均未在文中直接体现。故选A。

3.3. What is one of the reasons some researchers won’t prioritise communicating their findings to the public?

A They can thrive on the papers published.

B Their top consideration is to win tenure.

C Their main goal is gaining recognition in their field.

D They have to struggle to reach out to the community.

解析：选B。B 细节理解题。第④段提到：“For researchers in the tenure-track system, their main goal is winning tenure... Pressures like this mean community-level outreach is not prioritised.” 可见，研究人员因面临终身教职评审压力，将发表论文置于优先地位，而忽视面向公众的传播。选项B“Their top consideration is to win tenure” 直接对应原文，其他选项如“在领域内获得认可”或“努力接触社区”均未准确反映这一原因。故选B 。

4.4. How can sharing findings benefit researchers themselves?

A By helping them to identify new research directions.

B By enabling them to understand crises plaguing society.

C By enabling them to effectively address social discrepancies.

D By helping them to forge ties with government agencies.

解析：选A。A 推理判断题。第⑦段指出：“Engaging with other researchers and the public can lead to unexpected new connections and new ideas that could suggest fruitful new directions for research.” 即分享成果能为研究者带来新的研究方向和灵感。选项A“By helping them to identify new research directions” 是对此的合理推断。其他选项虽涉及社会效益，但未直接体现对研究者自身的益处。故选A。

5.5. Why are researchers advised to engage the services of professional writers or communication officers?

A To satisfy ethics committees’ mandatory requirements of researchers.

B To translate their study into languages accessible to readers overseas.

C To make their publications correctly understood by the public.

D To render their findings acceptable by prominent journals.

解析：选C。C 细节理解题。第⑪段提到：“There could be misunderstanding of the findings... But this can be resolved by researchers engaging the services of professional writers... to help with translating their study into more accessible language.” 说明专业写手或传播官员的作用是将研究转化为更易懂的语言，避免公众误解。选项C“To make their publications correctly understood by the public” 准确概括了这一目的。其他选项如“满足伦理委员会要求”或“翻译成外语”均与原文不符。故选C。