六级真题2023年6月第三套Passage One
① If you’re someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic (大流行病), you’re not alone. Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances. His 2013 book, Salt Sugar Fat, explored food companies’ aggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health. In his new book, Hooked, Moss updates the food giants' efforts to keep us eating what they serve, and how they're responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.
② Processed food is inexpensive, it’s legal, and it’s everywhere. Companies’ advertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly. So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people. Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave. Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when they’re at a ball game with their parents, that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life, when that child wants to experience a joyous moment, they’re going to think of soda. Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.
③ Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories, cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.
④ One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful, more troublesome than drugs can be is memory. What we eat is all about memory. And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age. And we keep those memories for a lifetime. Knowing this, the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products. One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain, the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively. There's nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain. For Moss, this puts the notion of "fast food" in an entirely new light as this isn't limited to fast food chains — almost 90% of food products in grocery stores are processed foods. Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging.
1.1.In what way does Michael Moss think processed food is comparable to alcohol and cigarettes?
A They are all addictive.
B They are all necessary evils.
C They are all engineered to be enjoyed.
D They are all in increasingly great demand.
解析：选A。A 细节理解题。本题答案可直接定位至文章第①段关键句 “processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances”。句中 “hook you” 意为 “使你上瘾”，“not unlike” 表示 “与…… 相似”，明确指出加工食品与酒精、香烟的相似之处在于 “具有成瘾性”。故选A。
2.2.What does the author say plays a key role in the foods we crave?
A The food environment.
B Aggressive marketing.
C Convenience.
D Memory.
解析：选D。D 细节理解题。本题可直接锁定第②段核心信息 “Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave”。句中 “plays a big role” 与题干 “plays a key role” 为同义替换，直接说明 “记忆” 是影响人们渴望某种食物的关键因素。故选D。
3.3.What do food companies do to capitalize on consumers’ association with their food products?
A They strive to influence how consumers remember their products.
B They attempt to use consumers' long-term memories to promote addiction.
C They try to exploit consumers' memories for their products as early as possible.
D They endeavor to find what consumers remember about their products.
解析：选A。A 细节理解题。题干核心是 “食品公司如何利用消费者对产品的联想”，定位至第④段 “the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products”。句中 “shape the memories”（塑造记忆）与选项 A “influence how consumers remember their products”（影响消费者对产品的记忆方式）为同义表达，明确指出公司的核心做法是主动塑造消费者对其产品的记忆，从而利用这种联想。故选A。
4.4. How does the food industry operate from manufacturing to packaging, according to Moss?
A Placing the idea of fast food in an entirely new light.
B Setting no limit to thSetting no limit to the number of fast food chains.e number of fast food chains.
C Focusing on how quickly the work is done.
D Prioritizing the quality of their products.
解析：选C。C 细节理解题。题干问 “从生产到包装，食品工业如何运作”，定位至第④段结尾 “Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging”。句中 “about speed” 直接表明行业运作的核心是 “速度”，与选项 C “Focusing on how quickly the work is done”（专注于工作完成的速度）完全对应。故选C。
5.5.Why are companies finding it difficult to satisfy consumers’ demand for healthier food products?
A They think speed of production outweighs consumers’ health.
B They believe their industry would perish without fast foods.
C They have to strike a balance between taste and nutrition.
D They are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods.
解析：选D。D 细节理解题。题干问 “公司难以满足健康食品需求的原因”，定位至第⑤段关键句 “these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods”。句中 “their own addiction to making these convenience foods” 与选项 D “they are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods”（沉迷于生产方便食品）为同义替换，直接说明原因是公司自身对生产方便食品的依赖。故选D。