Many marine species (海洋物种) depend on specific routes to migrate (迁徙). The routes offer these seafaring travellers the right conditions, at the right time of year, to guide them through the oceans. We humans try to discover the routes and have drawn our own lines, but they are not clear to us because of unexpected changes in nature.

To find out the routes that migratory marine species regularly take, a research team of scientists in Australia and the US have now created an interactive map that shows the paths connecting ocean habitats (栖息地).

The new map, named the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean (MiCO), collects data and makes it easier for scientists to see where migratory marine species may be falling into the paths. The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from—including which species cross into whose national waters.

“MiCO connects almost 2, 000 important habitats and shows the importance of cross-boundary teamwork,” says the research team. They find that all of the species recorded in MiCO have less protection at some point in their life history because of different situations in different countries. That means no country is able to fully protect migratory species if there is no help from others. “For example, green turtles nest in Costa Rica and migrate north through Nicaragua and out to islands in the Caribbean,” the team says. “Although largely protected in Costa Rica, it is allowed to fish for turtles in Nicaragua and huge numbers are lost off the coast there every year.”

MiCO works to provide useful knowledge on migratory connectivity to help protect marine species. In 2023, a UN report found climate (气候) changes are having bad influence on migratory species. MiCO catches the information from different time periods and the team hopes it may be used to tell those changes in connectivity. MiCO is also expected to collect information on more migratory marine species because there is less than one-third of data collected now.

“So far, the migratory information revealed within the MiCO system only touches the surface of the true connectivity of the global oceans,” the team says.

1.1．How does the writer lead in the topic?

A By offering advice.

B By presenting study results.

C By expressing opinions.

D By giving background information.

解析：选D。作者开篇先介绍海洋物种依赖特定迁徙路线，而人类因自然变化难以摸清这些路线的背景信息，进而引出 MiCO 地图的研发这一主题。A 选项 “提供建议”、B 选项 “展示研究结果”、C 选项 “表达观点” 均非开篇的写作方式，因此选 D。

2.2.What is MiCO?

A A map that humans draw to look for marine species.

B A route which guides marine species through the oceans.

C A database that shows the lines marine species migrate along.

D A system which scientists use for researches on temperature changes.

解析：选C。根据第三段内容，MiCO 是一幅交互式地图，也是一个数据库，展示海洋迁徙物种的迁徙路径、栖息地连接等信息。A 选项 “人类为寻找海洋物种绘制的地图” 表述片面；B 选项 “指引海洋物种穿越海洋的路线” 是物种自然迁徙路线，非 MiCO；D 选项 “科学家研究温度变化的系统” 与文意不符，MiCO 聚焦物种迁徙，非温度变化。因此选 C。

3.3.Why does the writer take the example of green turtles?

A To prove the harm in fishing for migratory species.

B To show the importance of cross-country teamwork.

C To share the methods of marine species protection.

D To explain the reason for marine species to migrate.

解析：选B。第四段先提出跨境合作对保护迁徙物种至关重要的观点，随后以绿海龟为例，说明其在不同国家受到的保护程度不同，导致数量减少，以此证明跨国合作的必要性。A 选项 “证明捕捞迁徙物种的危害” 并非举例的核心目的；C 选项 “分享海洋物种保护方法”、D 选项 “解释海洋物种迁徙的原因” 均与例子作用无关。因此选 B。

4.4.Which of the following can be the data MiCO collects?

A Over 10 laws are made on marine species protection.

B There are mainly 3 elephant species living on the earth.

C Leatherback turtles travel about 20,000 km from Indonesia to Oregon.

D Thousands of people visit the whale shark habitat in South Africa every year.

解析：选C。MiCO 收集的是海洋迁徙物种的迁徙路径、栖息地等相关数据。C 选项 “棱皮龟从印度尼西亚到俄勒冈州迁徙约 2 万公里” 属于海洋物种的迁徙数据，符合 MiCO 的收集范畴；A 选项 “海洋物种保护的法律”、B 选项 “大象物种（陆生生物）信息”、D 选项 “游客参观鲸鲨栖息地的数量” 均与海洋物种迁徙数据无关。因此选 C。