六级真题2022年6月第二套 Passage Two
六级真题2022年6月第二套 Passage Two


①　A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his information. He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet.

②　Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting public understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed personal decisions.
③　However, scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their area, their expertise is deep but narrow. They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge. That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research, but rather, that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline. Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional spread of misinformation, and the process of doing so may yield tiny pieces of interesting new information that can be incorporated.
④　Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information, especially for any complex phenomena, but this is absurd. Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology, physics, and chemistry. If anything, social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation. Even the public discourse that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most baffling of scientific principles.
⑤　It is equally imperative to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience. A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena. Even though they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way of explaining. One biologist shared an intricate analogy involving a library, books, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines. Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption.
⑥Science communication is a science in and of itself. It requires rigorous training and instruction. A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts. One cannot assume communication expertise-imagine if someone just decided that they were a physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessary background. Doing a poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap between science and society, a gap that scientists are trying to close. 

1.1. What does the author say about communicating science to the general public?

A It will help them to keep abreast of the latest scientific developments.

B It is a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues.

C It will get them more involved in academic debates on environmental problems.

D It is an effective way to augment scientists’ influence beyond the academic circle.

解析：选B。B 细节理解题。由题干中的 communicating science 和 the general public 定位到第二段。文章第二段独句成段,强调了向学术圈之外,也就是普通大众传播科学信息的必要性,指出这样做能够增强公众对健康和环境问题的理解,帮助人们做出明智的个人决策,可知作者认为向公众传播科学信息可以提高大家对科学问题的理解,故答案为 B。

2.2.What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty?

A Write or present on them from new angles.

B Utilize information from diverse sources.

C Turn to a specialist for professional help.

D Fact-check with colleagues in their field.

解析：选C。C 细节理解题。由题干中的 outside of their specialty 定位到第三段第三句。第三段第三句对科学家们提出建议,即如果探讨的话题超出了他们的学科范围,他们应该咨询相关的专家,C)项是对定位句后半部分的同义转述,故答案为 C。

3.3.What does the author say we can learn from social media?

A A solid academic foundation is essential to understanding baffling scientific principles.

B Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public.

C Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public.

D The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed.

解析：选D。D推理判断题。由题干中的 social media定位到第四段最后两句。作者在定位部分提到从社交媒体得到的两点发现:一是公众渴望基于坚实科学基础的知识;二是一些在线读者甚至可以理解最令人困惑的科学原理;而本段开头提到，一些人认为公众无法理解科学信息，特别是关于任何复杂现象的信息，由此可以推知,社交媒体所体现的公众对于科学知识的理解力超出某些人的预估，故答案为 D。

4.4.What does the example of the biologist who shared an intricate analogy show?

A It is helpful to use illustrations in explaining scientific phenomena.

B It is imperative to have appropriate titles to explain scientific issues.

C A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator.

D A nonscientific audience cannot duly understand principles of science.

解析：选C。C 推理判断题。由题干中的 the biologist 和 shared an intricate analogy定位到第五段倒数第二句。定位句提到，一位生物学家分享了一个复杂的类比,涉及图书馆、书籍、纸张、食谱、配料和蛋糕,来解释疫苗背后的过程。而作者在随后一句评论说,任何解释,如果需要书面图例来记录每个条目所代表的内容,那就不是适合公众了解的清晰范例,可见作者认为这位生物学家的方式是不恰当的,他并不是一位合格的科学传播者,这呼应了定位句所在段落开头提出的观点,故答案为 C。

5.5.What does the author suggest scientists do to close the gap between science and society?

A Explain complex concepts scientifically.

B Make appropriate use of scientific terms.

C Take courses in public speaking.

D Develop communication skills.

解析：选D。D 推理判断题。由题干中的 the author suggest 和 close the gap 定位到最后一段最后一句，最后一段最后一句指出,科学家们一直试图弥合科学界与社会之间的差距，而如果在向公众传播科学方面做得不好，只会造成混乱,扩大这一差距,而该段第二、三句提到了做好科学传播的方法，建议科学家们接受严格的培训和指导,学习传播方面的课程,可见作者认为他们应该培养传播技巧,故答案为 D。