考研二真题2011 Use of English
考研二真题2011 Use of English
① The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of  cyber-crime that has ____1____ across the Web.
② Can privacy be preserved ____2____ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly ____3____?
③ Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a ____4____ to make the Web a safer place – a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech ____5____ of a physical key, a  fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled ____6____ one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential ____7____ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
④ The idea is to ____8____ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could ____9____ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach  contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license ____10____ by the government.
⑤ Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to ____11____ just once  but use many different services.
⑥ ____12____, the approach would create a “walled garden” in  cyberspace,  with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a ____13____ community.
⑦ Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which  “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with ____14____, trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ____15____ which the transaction runs.”
⑧ Still, the administration’s plan has ____16____ privacy rights activists.  Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme  is an initiative push toward what would ____17____ be a compulsory Internet “driver’s license” mentality.
⑨ The plan has also been greeted with ____18____ by some computer  security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr.  Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet ____19____. They argue that all Internet users should be ____20____ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

1.1.

A swept

B skipped

C walked

D ridden

解析:选A。1. A 考察动词短语。短语“sweep across”意为“席卷、蔓延”,生动描述了网络犯罪在互联网上广泛、迅速传播的景象。其他选项:skip(跳过)、walk(行走)、ride(骑行)均无法描述其泛滥态势。故选A。

2.2.

A for

B within

C while

D though

解析:选C。2. C 考察状语从句连词。句意为“在为一个……的世界带来安全与保障的同时,隐私还能得到保护吗?”, “while” 表示“在……同时”,完美连接两个需要兼顾的方面。其他选项:for(表示目的)、within(在……内)、though(表示让步)均不符合此处语义逻辑。故选C。

3.3.

A careless

B lawless

C pointless

D helpless

解析:选B。3. B 考察形容词。前文提到“网络犯罪激增”,因此这个世界显得越来越“无法无天”(lawless),这是对网络犯罪猖獗的直接描述。careless(粗心)、pointless(无意义)、helpless(无助)均未抓住核心问题。故选B。

4.4.

A reason

B reminder

C compromise

D proposal

解析:选D。4. D 考察名词。根据上下文,Howard Schmidt向政府提供的应是一个“提议”或“方案”(proposal)。reason(理由)、reminder(提醒物)、compromise(妥协)均不符合“为使网络更安全”而主动提出的语境。故选D。

5.5.

A information

B interference

C entertainment

D equivalent

解析:选D。5. D 考察名词。此处为类比关系,句意为这个系统是实体钥匙、指纹等的高科技“等价物”或“对应物”(equivalent)。information(信息)、interference(干扰)、entertainment(娱乐)均无法构成此类比。故选D。

6.6.

A by

B into

C from

D over

解析:选B。6. B 考察介词固定搭配。“roll into one”为固定短语,意为“合为一体”,形象地说明多种功能或形式融合在一个系统中。其他介词无法构成此意。故选B。

7.7.

A linked

B directed

C chained

D compared

解析:选A。7. A 考察非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语)。数字凭证需要“链接到”(linked to)特定的计算机。directed(指向,引导)强调方向性,chained(用锁链拴住)过于具体且生硬,compared(比较)不合逻辑。linked to 是技术领域的常见表达。故选A。

8.8.

A dismiss

B discover

C create

D improve

解析:选C。8. C 考察动词。该想法的目标是“创建”(create)一个联盟。dismiss(解散,驳回)语义相反,discover(发现)指找到已存在的事物,improve(改进)预设了联盟已存在,均不符合从无到有的开创性语境。故选C。

9.9.

A recall

B suggest

C select

D realize

解析:选C。9. C 考察动词。根据用户自主权的逻辑,用户应能“选择”(select)加入哪个系统。recall(回忆)、suggest(建议)、realize(意识到)均不能体现这种主动性选择。故选C。

10.10.

A released

B issued

C distributed

D delivered

解析:选B。10. B 考察非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语)及动词搭配。政府“签发”驾照或官方文件,最地道的动词是“issue”。released(发布,多用于消息、软件)、distributed(分发,多指物品)、delivered(递送)均不如“issued”正式且贴合官方行为。故选B。

11.11.

A carry on

B linger on

C set in

D log in

解析:选D。11. D 考察动词短语。根据“single sign-on”(单点登录)系统的定义,用户只需“登录”(log in)一次。carry on(继续)、linger on(徘徊,留恋)、set in(开始,到来)均与登录操作无关。故选D。

12.12.

A In vain

B In effect

C In return

D In contrast

解析:选B。12. B 考察逻辑连接短语。此处“In effect”意为“实际上,实质上”,用于阐述前文方案将产生的实际效果或本质。In vain(徒劳)、In return(作为回报)、In contrast(相反)均不符合此处承上启下、解释实质的语义。故选B。

13.13.

A trusted

B modernized

C thriving

D competing

解析:选A。13. A 考察形容词。该方案旨在建立安全可信的网络环境,因此其目标是营造一种“可信的”(trusted)社区感,与上文的“trusted identity”和整体的安全主题一致。modernized(现代化的)、thriving(繁荣的)、competing(竞争的)均非安全语境的核心诉求。故选A。

14.14.

A caution

B delight

C confidence

D patience

解析:选C。14. C 考察名词。在基于信任的“生态系统”中完成交易,自然需要“信心”(confidence)。caution(谨慎)与“信任”氛围相悖,delight(欣喜)、patience(耐心)虽为正面情绪,但并非交易完成所需的最核心心理状态。故选C。

15.15.

A on

B after

C beyond

D across

解析:选A。15. A 考察定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配。“the infrastructure on which the transaction runs”意为“交易运行所依赖的基础设施”。“run on”是一个固定搭配,表示“在……上运行”。其他介词无法准确表达此依赖关系。故选A。

16.16.

A divided

B disappointed

C protected

D united

解析:选A。16. A 考察动词。后文明确提到“Some applaud...; others are concerned.”(有人赞同……,有人担忧),这是观点“分歧”(divided)的典型表现。disappointed(使失望)、protected(保护)、united(联合)均与后文的矛盾描述不符。故选A。

17.17.

A frequently

B incidentally

C occasionally

D eventually

解析:选D。17. D 考察副词。句意为这种计划是推动一种最终(eventually)可能演变为强制性思维的初步尝试,强调的是一个渐进发展的最终结果。frequently(频繁地)、incidentally(偶然地)、occasionally(偶尔地)均不表示最终结果。故选D。

18.18.

A skepticism

B tolerance

C indifference

D enthusiasm

解析:选A。18. A 考察名词。后文由“who worry that...”引导的定语从句明确说明了这些专家的“担忧”,因此他们的态度是“怀疑”(skepticism)。tolerance(容忍)、indifference(冷漠)、enthusiasm(热情)均与“担忧”的态度不符。故选A。

19.19.

A manageable

B defendable

C vulnerable

D invisible

解析:选C。19. C 考察形容词。专家们担心,即使有这样的系统,大部分网络仍会“易受攻击的”(vulnerable),这直接对应了安全漏洞。manageable(可管理的)、defendable(可防御的)语义偏积极,invisible(隐形的)与安全问题关联不直接。故选C。

20.20.

A invited

B appointed

C allowed

D forced

解析:选D。20. D 考察非谓语动词(过去分词作补语)及动词。专家主张所有用户应“被强制”(forced)注册,因为他们将其类比为“司机必须持驾照上路”,这是一个强制性的法律要求。invited(被邀请)、appointed(被任命)、allowed(被允许)都缺少强制性,与类比逻辑不符。故选D。