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①　Emulating your conversation partner’s actions is a common human behavior classified as “mirroring” and has been known and studied by psychologists for years. We all tend to subconsciously copy gestures of people we like. But why do we act like this?

②　As a rule, mirroring means that conversationalists enjoy their communication and that there’s acertain level of agreement between them. The topic of discussion is equally interesting for both and they know their interests meet.

③　Repeating someone’s behavior is typical of talented communicators, not always because the person is sympathetic, but because there is a goal to be achieved. This way new idols have been brought to the stage: politicians, celebrities, and other big names. Popular culture makes people want to look popular, and act and speak like popular people.

④　Nowadays celebrities steal lyrics from each other and struggle with copyright violation accusations or straightforwardly claim themselves to be the authors, even though all the work was done by other people.

⑤　Among celebrities, it’s trendy nowadays to use their own speech writers as politicians do. The so-called “ghostwriting” can take various forms: books, articles, autobiographies, and even social media posts.

⑥　Who is a true copycat（抄袭者）and who gets copycatted? Sometimes, it is a hard nut to crack without an expert’s help. But new authorship defending methods based on identifying individual writing patterns are already here. Their aim is to protect intellectual property. Using scientific methods, some of them can define authorship with 85％ accuracy.

⑦　Writing is not an easy craft to master. If you want to write like a professional without plagiarism（抄袭), there are a few lessons to learn and the first one is: “Copy from one,it’s plagiarism; copy from two, it’s research.” The correct interpretation of this statement is not about copying, but rather about creating your own style. When you study an author’s writing style, don’t stop on a single one, but explore numerous styles instead. Examine types of sentences they use, pay attention to their metaphors, and focus on stories you feel you could write a pretty cool seguel（续篇）to.

⑧　Imitation is rather paradoxical. As an integral part of learning, it brings about positive changes, making people develop and grow. However, it may do a lot of harm. Copying someone’s thoughts, ideas or inventions is completely unacceptable. It infringes on intellectual property rights of others.

⑨　Still, many things we do are about copying others one way or another. So if you want to compliment someone on the work they have done and imitate it,just make sure you do it the right way to avoid committing plagiarism.

1.1. What do people tend to do while engaging in a conversation?

A Repeat what their partners say one way or another.

B Focus as much as possible on topics of mutual interest.

C Imitate their partners’ gestures without their knowing it.

D Observe carefully how their partners make use of gestures.

解析：选C。C 细节理解题。本题考查“交谈中的行为倾向”,根据题干关键词 tend to和 conversation 可定位至第一段(conversation partner's...We all tend to...)。第一段指出,模仿谈话对象的举止是一种常见的人类行为,我们往往会下意识地模仿我们喜欢的人士的举止。C项正确。

2.2. When does mirroring usually take place in a conversation?

A When both sides are sympathetic with each other.

B When both sides have a lot of things in common.

C When both sides make interesting contributions.

D When both sides try to seek common ground.

解析：选B。B 细节理解题。本题考查“镜像模仿发生的情境”,根据题文同序原则(上题 people tend to针对第一段,下题popular culture 针对第三段)以及题干中 mirroring usually take place 可推断本题应定位至第二段(As arule,mirroring means that...)。第二段指出,镜像模仿意味着谈话双方在一定程度上意见一致,对谈论的话题同样感兴趣且趣味相投,B项是对这一信息的准确概括，为正确项。

3.3. What do we learn about popular culture?

A It encourages people to imitate.

B It appeals mostly to big names.

C It acquaints young people with their idols.

D It can change people’s mode of cognition.

解析：选A。A 推理判断题。本题考查关于“流行文化”的事实,根据题干关键词 popular culture 可定位至第三段(Popular culture makes people...).第三段末句指出,流行文化让人们希望自己的外表和言行举止都像流行人物,即流行文化鼓励人们模仿流行人物，A项正确。

4.4. Why is the saying “copy from two, it’s research” a lesson to learn?

A It facilitates the creation of one’s own writing style.

B It helps to protect one’s intellectual property rights.

C It fosters correct interpretation of professional writing.

D It enables one to write intriguing sequels to famous stories.

解析：选A。A 推理判断题。本题考查作者对“模仿两个人,则是研究”的解读。根据题干中引号内的内容直接定位至第七段。第七段②句先引出培养专业写作技能的最重要的一条经验:模仿一人是抄袭,模仿两人是研究。随后③句对这一说法做出正确解读:模仿两人关乎创造自己的写作风格。④⑤句做出具体解释:对多位作家的写作句型、隐喻表达、故事续篇进行探索(以创造自己的写作风格)。可见,“模仿两人是研究”这种说法之所以说是一条经验,是因为它有助于个人创造自己的写作风格,A项正确。

5.5. Why does the author say imitation is rather paradoxical?

A It is liable to different interpretations.

B It is by and large a necessary evil.

C It can give rise to endless disputes.

D It may do harm as well as good.

解析：选D。D 推理判断题。本题考查“模仿具有矛盾性的原因”。根据题干关键词imitation...paradoxical可定位至第八段。第八段先指出“模仿是极为矛盾的(行为)”,后说明模仿会带来积极的变化,使人成长、进步,也可能造成许多危害,比如侵犯他人的知识产权。由此可见,模仿极具矛盾性指的是“模仿有益亦有害”,D项正确。