From red apples to yellow bananas and green watermelons, fruits come in many different colors. Why do different kinds of fruits have so many colors?

Liu Wei, a scientist from China, explains that fruit colors actually come from their different pigments (色素). How many pigments appear depends on where they grow. Therefore, the environment plays an important role in fruit colors.

To find out how the environment influences fruit colors, Chinese scientists studied more than 280 different fruit colors, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They found that red fruits prefer to grow in cooler places, while blue and purple fruits mostly grow in warm places.

Animals have also had an influence on the evolution (进化) of fruit colors. Animals eat fruits and later drop the seeds in other places. This helps the fruits spread and grow in different places. In order to catch animals’ attention, some fruits turn into colors that are easy for them to see.

However, animals see colors in a different way. Fruits need to develop colors that fit what animals can see. For example, birds can see red more easily than humans can. As a result, there are more red fruits in areas where birds live. Some monkeys are red-green color-blind, so yellow fruits can be found in their habitats (栖息地), as they can easily see this color.

1.1. What do fruit colors come from? (no more than 8 words)

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解析：选Their different pigments.（或 From their different pigments.）。细节理解题。题干问 “水果颜色来自哪里”，定位原文第二段第一句 “fruit colors actually come from their different pigments”，按要求控制在 8 词内，提炼核心信息即可。

2.2. Where do red fruits prefer to grow? (no more than 8 words)

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解析：选In cooler places.。细节理解题。题干问 “红色水果更喜欢生长在哪里”，定位原文第三段第二句 “They found that red fruits prefer to grow in cooler places”，直接截取关键地点信息，符合 8 词限制。

3.3. Why are there more red fruits in areas where birds live? (no more than 10 words)

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解析：选Birds can see red more easily.。细节理解题。题干问 “为什么鸟类栖息地区有更多红色水果”，定位原文第五段第二、三句 “birds can see red more easily than humans can. As a result, there are more red fruits...”，核心原因是 “鸟类更容易看到红色”，简化后控制在 10 词内。

4.4.请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。

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解析：选红色水果更喜欢生长在凉爽的地方，而蓝色和紫色水果大多生长在温暖的地方。。句子翻译题。画线句为并列句，结构清晰：“red fruits prefer to grow in cooler places” 译为 “红色水果更喜欢生长在凉爽的地方”，“while” 表对比译为 “而”，“mostly” 译为 “大多”，保持原意准确，语句通顺符合中文表达习惯。

5.5.请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。

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解析：选Why Do Fruits Have Different Colors?（或 The Reasons for Different Fruit Colors）。标题归纳题。文章开篇以设问 “Why do different kinds of fruits have so many colors?” 引出主题，全文围绕 “水果颜色多样的原因” 展开，标题需概括核心内容，用设问形式或陈述句均可，确保简洁明了，贴合文章主旨。