中考真题2023年江西省阅读B-埃文斯的光明革命
A Bright Idea
Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）. Evans’ eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason, so they remained poor for the rest of their lives.
Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people’s eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up.
One day, he had an idea. He could use a small solar（太阳能的）light. Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment. Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families. An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps.
Each lamp only cost $20. However, this was a lot of money to many villagers, who only earned around $34 a week, so Evans made sure he kept the cost down. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free.
Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference.
1.1.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A Leaving school.
B Doing homework.
C Having eye problems.
D Having a bright idea.
解析：选C。C 词意指代题 “this”指代前一句提到的内容。前一句是“Many children left school for this reason”，而“this reason”又指代上文中“Evans’ eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village.”所描述的核心问题，即因煤油灯导致的眼睛问题和学习困难。选项中与此直接对应的是C（Having eye problems. 有眼睛问题）。A选项（辍学）是“this”所导致的结果，而非“this”本身所指代的内容。
2.2.How many problems about kerosene lamps are mentioned according to Paragraph 2?
A 6
B 5
C 4
D 3
解析：选C。C 细节理解题 第二段明确用“First, Also, Besides, Lastly”四个连接词列举了煤油灯的危害：1. 引起咳嗽等疾病；2. 伤害眼睛；3. 引发火灾；4. 煤油昂贵，减少食物开支。因此一共提到了4个问题。答案为C。
3.3.Put the following information into correct order according to the passage. a. Evans went to a university. b. Thousands of people had safe light. c. His first solar lamp was invented. d. Kerosene lamps hurt Evans’ eyes. e. Recycled materials were used in the lamps. f. People from many countries gave away money.
A d-a-c-e-f-b
B d-f-b-a-e-c
C a-d-f-e-c-b
D a-e-c-d-f-b
解析：选A。A.细节理解。需要根据文章发展顺序排列事件：d. 煤油灯伤害埃文斯的眼睛（第1段）→ a. 埃文斯上了大学（第2段）→ c. 他的第一盏太阳能灯被发明（第3段）→ e. 使用回收材料（第4段）→ f. 多国人士捐款（第4段）→ b. 成千上万的人有了安全的光（第5段）。正确顺序为：d-a-c-e-f-b。答案为A。
4.4.Why does the writer give Julia’s example in Paragraph 5?
A To share Julia’s experience.
B To show Evans’ influence.
C To describe Evans’ feelings.
D To introduce Evans’ invention.
解析：选B。B 主旨大意。作者在结尾段引用具体受益者Julia的话，是为了用真实、具体的案例来证明前一句“Thousands of people had safe light”和最后一句“The solar lamps made a big difference”，从而生动展示埃文斯的发明产生的实际影响和改变。因此，目的是“展示埃文斯的影响力”。答案为B。
5.5.What is Evans like according to the passage?
A Polite, talented and humorous.
B Quiet, smart and honest.
C Humorous, clever and friendly.
D Hard-working, loving and creative.
解析：选D。D.推理判断题。根据文章描述：他学习优秀（excellent student）并克服困难坚持发明，体现 hard-working（勤奋）；他因自身经历而心系村民，努力改善他们的生活，体现 loving（有爱心的）；他想出用太阳能灯替代煤油灯的解决方案，并使用回收材料等方法降低成本，体现 creative（有创造力的）。其他选项中的“幽默”、“安静”、“诚实”等在文中均未体现。答案为D。