考古新发现表明3万多年以前人类就征服“世界屋脊”了！

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The Tibetan Plateau doesn’t seem like a very inviting place to live. At nearly three miles above sea level, the air is extremely thin. And yet, despite low temperatures, people have made this highland home—perhaps for tens of thousands of years.
Stone tools newly unearthed on the plateau could be the first evidence that people made a living there about 30,000 years ago. Archaeologists hadn’t found any sites older than 15,000 years old—until now.
The peopling of such a terrible environment is a story of human adaptability, and migration. At the time, there was no high-tech way to know whether the landscape over the next hill was poor or rich with resources without going there to check it out. Aldenderfer believes the idea that people were pulled to new places by following resources, not pushed there. “It’s still not a lovely place,” he says of the Tibetan Plateau. Humans at lower places near the Tibetan Plateau would’ve followed those familiar food resources up, and realized the high land wasn’t so bad. At the time, grasslands and other vegetation up there would have supported a range of animals.
But it’s not all about food at such high places, Aldenderfer says. “Deserts are hard to occupy and poles are hard, but the high-plateaus are hard in a different way,” he explains, referring to the added challenge of breathing at high altitudes. That’s where biology comes in. Tibetan highlanders today have a genetic trait that helps them breathe in enough oxygen that other humans don’t have.

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