Chinese President Xi Jinping has presided over his country's first state memorial of the Nanjing massacre.
China says 300,000 civilians were massacred when the city was occupied by Japan's troops in 1937, although some Japanese nationalists deny this. A crowd of about 10,000 people attended the event in Nanjing, taking part in a minute's silence to honour those killed. They included survivors of the massacre, as well as soldiers and students.
Beijing says Tokyo has never properly apologized its wartime past. It was furious after Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe honoured war criminals among the country's dead. And while China says tens of thousands of civilians were slaughtered in Nanjing, some Japanese politicians and nationalists deny a massacre even took place.
In a speech at the event, Mr Xi criticized Japanese nationalists for denying the atrocity took place.
"Anyone who tries to deny the massacre will not be allowed by history, the souls of the 300,000 victims, 1.3 billion Chinese people and all people loving peace and justice in the world," Mr. Xi said. But he added that China should not "bear hatred against an entire nation just because a small minority of militarists launched aggressive wars."
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