Plastic pollution is a global problem, with a flood of plastic now reaching as far north as the Arctic. The news comes from an Alfred Wegener Institute study, published Tuesday in the Nature Reviews Earth & Environment journal. “Our northernmost ecosystems are already particularly hard hit by climate change,” said Melanie Bergmann, a biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute. “This is now exacerbated by plastic pollution. And our own research has shown that the pollution continues to become worse.”
The level of plastics found in the Arctic is especially troublesome, considering the region is already hard hit by climate change. With 19 million to 23 million tons of plastic litter ending up in the world’s water, microplastics and nanoplastics are being found in all marine organisms(生物). While research is still young, early studies suggest that dark plastic particles(微粒) in snow can absorb more light, leading to faster melting. The darker visible parts of land then absorb light and heat, causing more rapid warming.
The flood of plastic is reaching the Arctic through a few channels. These include ocean currents from the Atlantic, the North Sea and the North Pacific, as well as particles being carried by northward winds. Water from rivers also carries plastic north, which contributes to the pollution now being found. Then there’s wastewater pollution from Arctic communities and plastic debris(碎片) being thrown from ships, which includes nets and ropes.
“In the Arctic, marine animals probably take in microplastics accidentally, which may lead to reduced growth and reproduction. Microplastics are even likely to run in the blood of humans,” said Bergmann. Just last month, microplastics were found in human blood for the first time. At the current pace, plastic production is expected to double by 2034, according to a 2014 study by the Federal University of Technology Akure in Nigeria.
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