四级真题2022年12月第二套Passage Two

① In 2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP).

② Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WFP assisted nearly 100  million people in  88  countries. It is  the  safety net  for those who  fall  off the  edge  of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds  us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s  problem.

③ The  WFP  has  been  around  since  1961  and  has  been  the  global  coordinator  of nationally based  efforts  to  avoid  disasters  with  food  aid.  Despite  decades  of effort  to  eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet (about 820  million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment  has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.

④ Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money — it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity  can  thrive.  When  aid  is  offered with heavy  conditions  attached,  like  loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.

⑤ The  scientific  community,  however,  can  provide  a  helping  hand  to  the  WFP.By sharing knowledge of agriculture  and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. By making its voice heard,  science can lead by example. The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries, which may  have food problems of their own, or world economic institutions. This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves  out of their misery.

1. 1.What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?（细节理解）

A    More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.

B    All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.

C    It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.

D    It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.

2. 3.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?（细节理解）

A    The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.

B    More people will be willing to join in the effort.

C    More food will be made available to the needy.

D    The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.

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