Could your next pet be a goat? New research suggests that these farm animals try to communicate with people in the same way that dogs and horses do. In a series of experiments, researchers found that when the animals had a problem that they couldn’t solve alone, the goats would stare at a person for help. The research also showed that goats will change their actions by a person’s behavior.
Goats were the first domesticated(驯养的) animal species, about 10,000 years ago, according to Alan McElligott, University of London. “From our earlier research, we already know that goats are smarter than their reputation suggests, but these results show how they can communicate with people even though they were not raised as pets or working animals,” McElligott said.
To test the goats’ communication skills, the researchers trained the animals to remove a cover from a box to receive a reward. The reward was then made inaccessible, and the goats’ reactions toward the experimenters—who were either facing the goats or had their backs turned away—were recorded. The researchers found that the goats would stare toward the forward-facing person more often, and for longer periods of time, than they would with the people who had turned away. Sometimes, the goats would also approach the forward-facing person before returning to the box.
“Goats stare at humans in the same way as dogs do when asking for a treat that is out of reach, for example,” study researcher Christian Nawroth said in the same statement. “Our results provide strong evidence for communication directed at humans in a species that was raised mainly for agricultural production, and show similarities with animals kept to become pets or working animals, such as dogs and horses.”
The authors said that they hope the study will help people to better understand the ability that domesticated animals like goats, dogs and horses own, and how that affects their communications with humans.
1.The underlined word “they” in the first paragraph refers to _______.
A the researchers
B the horses
C the goats
D the dogs
解析:选C。C 词意指代题。根据第一段第三句的 “the goats would stare at a person for help”可以得知是“山羊”没法独自解决问题,所以they就是指代的goats。故选C。
2.What can we know about what McElligott said?
A Previous studies show us goats’ bad reputation.
B People might think goats are clever, but not enough.
C New research says only pets communicate with people.
D Goats are raised by people as working animals.
解析:选C。B 推理判断题。根据第二段McElligott所说的话可知,从早期研究中,我们已经知道山羊比它们的名声暗示的要更聪明,即在研究之前,人们可能认为山羊是聪明的,但没有那么聪明,故选B。
3.What will the goats do if they can’t receive reward during the experiment?
A They will refuse to remove a cover.
B They will stare at the research workers.
C They will turn their faces away.
D They will return to the box quickly.
解析:选B。B 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句的“The researchers found that the goats would stare toward the forward-facing person more often, and for longer periods of time”可知,不管是长时间还是短时间,山羊都会盯着实验者。故选B。
4.What is the purpose of the research?
A To study the habits of animals to understand their feelings.
B To raise more domesticated animals like goats, dogs and horses.
C To show similarities with animals that would like to become the pets.
D To better understand the communication between animals and people.
解析:选D。D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“...the study will help people to better understand...how that affects their communications with humans.”可以推知研究是为了更好地理解动物和人类的交流。故选D。