中考真题2024年山东省泰安市阅读理解D篇-被光遮蔽的星空：现代社会的光污染危机
When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? 80% of people around the world see nothing but skyglow (天光，人为白昼现象). This man-made brightening of the sky masks the stars.
The night sky has played an important role in human life for thousands of years. Ancient peoples named the constellations (星座). Around the same time, Polynesian sailors used the sun and stars to sail on the sea in the correct direction. Later, the Maya civilization (文明) used the position of the stars to predict the changing of the seasons.
But today, few people are able to see sky full of stars. So what happened?
Light pollution is the reason. When man-made light enters into the night sky, it hides the stars. This excess (过多的) light comes from streetlights, office buildings, stores, flashing billboards, etc.
Of course, people in modern societies need to light the night. Nighttime driving, walking, working, exercising, and more are all safer with man-made outdoor lighting. However, too much light at night can be harmful. It masks the stars and disturbs our natural sleep patterns, causing greater risk of cancer and heart disease.
Light pollution can be greatly reduced (减少) with a few simple actions. The first is to stop wasting light. Outdoor lights can be covered so that the light shines down to the ground only where it’s needed. People can be more careful about using lights only when and where they are necessary. Besides, people can choose light bulbs (灯泡) with the smallest effective amount of brightness. Most bright white lights, including LEDs, give off a large amount of shorter-wavelength (波长较短的) blue light, which brightens the sky more than any other color of light. Choosing light bulbs with longer-wavelength light in yellow or orange can help prevent harmful light pollution.
1.1. By studying the night sky full of stars, ancient peoples did a lot except ________.
A naming the constellations
B sailing on the sea in the correct direction
C predicting the changing of the seasons
D letting man-made light enter into the night sky
解析：选D。细节理解题D。根据“The night sky has played an important role in human life for thousands of years. Ancient peoples named the constellations (星座). Around the same time, Polynesian sailors used the sun and stars to sail on the sea in the correct direction. Later, the Maya civilization (文明) used the position of the stars to predict the changing of the seasons.”可知，古人命名了星座、利用太阳和星星的指引在海上航行、预测季节变化，但没有提到让人造光进入夜空。故选D。
2.2. Today most people can’t see the night sky full of stars because of ________.
A the excess light caused by humans
B the reduction of stars
C the changes in the position of stars
D the influence of weather
解析：选A。细节理解题A。根据“But today, few people are able to see sky full of stars. So what happened?...Light pollution is the reason. When man-made light enters into the night sky, it hides the stars. This excess (过多的) light comes from streetlights, office buildings, stores, flashing billboards, etc.”可知，光污染是主要原因，而光污染是由人类活动产生的过多光线造成的。故选A。
3.3. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A How to save electricity in our daily lives.
B How to choose light bulbs correctly.
C Two ways of reducing light pollution.
D The advantages and disadvantages of man-made light.
解析：选C。主旨大意题C。根据“Light pollution can be greatly reduced (减少) with a few simple actions. The first is to stop wasting light...Besides, people can choose light bulbs (灯泡) with the smallest effective amount of brightness.”可知，最后一段主要讲了减少光污染的两种方法：减少浪费光线和选择合适的灯泡。故选C。
4.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A Too much light at night can do harm to people’s health.
B Man-made light hides the stars when it enters into the night sky.
C In ancient times, the night sky played an important role in human life.
D Choosing shorter-wavelength blue light can help prevent harmful light pollution.
解析：选D。细节理解题D。根据“Choosing light bulbs with longer-wavelength light in yellow or orange can help prevent harmful light pollution.”可知，文章建议选择长波长的黄光或橙光来减少光污染，D选项与文章内容不符。故选D。