To write his 2010 book,The 5-Factor World Diet, nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing. He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries.
For starters, Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries.“We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods,” explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book. They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质) of regional, seasonal produce.
For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits,vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.
Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event — say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch — as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cerealabove the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.
Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. “The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,” said Pasternak. “So really, regardless of what you’re eating, if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day, they’re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”
1.1.What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?
A Variety.
B Flavor.
C Color.
D Naturalness.
解析：选A。A 细节理解题。由题干中的Japanese and Chinese foods 定位到第二段第一句。定位句指出,他注意到日本人吃很多种类的海藻,而中国人则会在每餐中纳入至少5种颜色的食物。由此可见,不管是日本人还是中国人,在饮食上的特点都是种类丰富。故选A。
2.2. What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?
A They emphasize nutrition.
B They tend to eat quite a lot.
C They prioritize convenience.
D They care about flavors.
解析：选B。B 细节理解题。由题干中的Americans in the way of eating定位到第三段第一句。定位句提到,美国人比其他国家的人饭量更大,也就是说,他们吃的更多一些。故选B。
3.3. What features in Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets?
A Fruits and vegetables.
B Olive oil and red wine.
C Seasonal local produce.
D Unprocessed ingredients.
解析：选C。C 细节理解题。由题干中的Mediterranean，Nordic and Okinawan diets定位到第三段最后两句。定位句指出,他将此和健康的地中海饮食、北欧饮食和冲绳饮食进行了对比。这些地方的饮食看似都坚持了地方性和季节性农产品的特质。故选C。
4.4. What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?
A They get the whole family to eat at a table.
B They eat their meals regularly and punctually.
C They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.
D They attach great importance to their meals.
解析：选D。D 细节理解题。由题干中的most healthy eating cultures定位到第五段。第五段提到,很多其他的健康饮食文化也会把吃饭视为一件大事。比如,在家庭餐桌上吃上几道菜,或者在一顿漫长的午餐中喝一两杯红酒,而不是匆忙地在厨房水槽旁狼吞虎咽地吃下几把麦片,然后称之为晚餐。也就是很重视每一餐的质量。故选D。
5.5.Compared with the average American, people in healthy societies________.
A walk at least 4 miles a day
B do considerably more walking
C pay more attention to body shape
D consume a lot more organic food
解析：选B。B 细节理解题。由题干中的people in healthy societies定位到最后一段第二、三句。定位句指出,帕斯捷尔纳克确实注意到,在他观察的所有健康社会中,有一个统一的因素。“在这些健康国家中,唯一的共同点是他们走路的时间都比一般美国人走路时间多。” 故选B。
