考研二真题2024Text 4
考研二真题2024Text 4


①　If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.

②　While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.
③　Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users’ sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users’ express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.
④　Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company’s privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.
⑤　As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.

1.1. The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show _____________________.

A the prevalence of health apps

B the public concern over health

C the popularity of smartphones

D the advancement of technology

解析：选A。A 推理判断题。首段①②句从生活观察的角度指出,很多人为了更好地了解自己的健康状况会使用至少种健康类应用程序或设备,③句则引用相关研究展示健康类应用程序之多、增速之猛A项体现研究结果、概括首段主旨,为正确项。healthapps是全段论述对象,prevalence 是对 at least one、several、many of us、350,000、90,000 等数量相关表述的高度概括。故选A。

2.2. What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?

A Its coverage needs to be extended.

B Its enforcement needs strengthening.

C It has discouraged medical misconduct.

D It has disappointed insurance companies.

解析：选A。A 推理判断题。第二段②句指出现行的健康隐私法主要针对的是医院、医务室、诊所和保险公司在线存储健康档案的方式,③句转折指出应用程序和可穿戴设备所收集的健康信息则无法受到同样的法律保护。结合两句可知,现行的健康隐私法没有覆盖到新涌现的健康应用程序等再结合第三段首句“如果不追加保护措施,公司可能会滥用消费者的个人健康信息”可推知作者观点:应扩大健康隐私法的覆盖范围。A项是基于第二段②③句对比信息和第三段首句“条件一结果”逻辑的合理推断。故选A。

3.3. Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to ________________.

A seek the approval of the FTC

B find qualified third parties

C remove irrelevant personal data

D obtain their explicit permission

解析：选D。D 细节理解题。第三段④句转述同意令内容“FloHealth只有在获得应用用户的明确同意后才能共享其健康信息”,题干十D项是对原文的同义改写,obtain their explicit permission 对应 get appusers’express affirmative consent.故选D。

4.4. What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?

A The complexity of health information.

B The rapid increase in new health apps.

C The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.

D The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.

解析：选B。B 细节理解题。第四段②句指出,健康类应用程序进入市场的速度足以表明FTC(在保证消费者的健康数据隐私安全时)面临着多么巨大的挑战。题干+B项是对该内容的同义改写,Therapidincrease 是对原文 the rate 的正确理解,new health apps 对应原文 these health apps...hitting the market。故选B。

5.5. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection _______________.

A has been embraced by health app developers

B has been a focus of federal policy-making

C has encountered opposition in California

D has gained legislative support in some states

解析：选D。D 推理判断题。末段②句指出,各州已经开始实施自己的解决方案来加强对消费者生成的健康数据的保护。③④句举例说明②句:加州、弗吉尼亚州、科罗拉多州和犹他州均已通过州级消费者数据隐私法规。综合可知,一些州已经以立法的形式来保护健康数据。故选D。