①Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parks of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community, revealing the unspoken preferences, shared shortcuts and collective choices of humans. Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.

②Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts; they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour. Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval, a lawn in the centre of campus, freely, then proceeded to pave the desire paths, creating a web of effective routes students had established.

③Yet, reluctance persists among other planners to integrate desire paths into formal plans, citing concerns about safety, environmental impact, or primarily, aesthetics. A Reddit webpage devoted to the phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways, underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks. This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.

④The Wickquasgeck Trail is an example of a historical desire path, created by Native Americans to cross the forests of Manhattan and move between settlements quickly. This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened and made into one of the main trade roads across the island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen’s Street. Following the British assumption of control in New York, the street was renamed Broadway. Notably, Broadway stands out as one of the few areas in NYC that defies the grid-based system applied to the rest of the city, cutting a diagonal across parts of the city.

⑤In online spaces, desire paths have sparked a fascination that can approach obsession, with the Reddit page serving as a hub. Contributors offer a wide array of stories, from little- known new shortcuts to long-established alternate routes.

1.1.According to Paragraph 1, desire paths are a result of

A the curiosity to explore surrounding hills.

B the necessity to preserve green spaces.

C the tendency to pursue convenience.

D the wish to find comfort in solitude.

解析：选C。1.C推理判断题。第一段第一二句指出，欲望路径揭示出人类未言的偏好、共享的捷径和集体的选择；它们抄近路、穿草坪、越山丘，代表着人类从A点最高效地移动到B点的天生能力。概括即：欲望路径是人类“追求方便快捷”这一普遍倾向的产物，选项正确体现“心理”和“行为”的因果关系。故选C。

2.2.It can be inferred that Ohio State University _

A intends to improve its desire paths.

B leads in the research on desire paths.

C guides the creation of its desire paths.

D takes a positive view of desire paths.

解析：选D。2.D推理判断题。第二段首句指出，城市规划者认为欲望路径不只是方便的捷径，还提供了关于“城市规划与人们行为之间动态”的宝贵见解。第二句则指出，俄亥俄州立大学允许其学生在草坪上自由地穿行，且对这些愿望路径进行了铺设、从而确定了这一有效路线网。联系可知，第二句是在例证第一句，说明俄亥俄州立大学对欲望路径的积极态度，选项既概括事例本身信息，又能体现其例证对象。故选D。

3.3.The images on the Reddit webpage reflect

A conflicting opinions on the use of desire paths.

B the call to upgrade the designing of public spaces.

C the demand for proper planning of desire paths.

D growing concerns over the loss of public spaces.

解析：选A。3.A细节理解题。第三段首句承上段（介绍城市规划者对欲望路径的积极看法）指出，其他规划者依然对欲望路径存有各种担忧，不愿将其整合进“正式规划”。第二句则指出，Reddit网页上的欲望路径图片都带有“遵守指定的步行道”的标识，彰显着欲望路径的叛逆性质。第三句进一步指出这一（(Thisclash）突显了“自然的、用户驱动的公共空间演变”与“对视觉上被策划和受控制的城市环境的渴望”之间持续的斗争。关联可知，Thisclash即图片所体现的信息，即就“如何使用欲望路径”的对立性观点：“它们体现了用户需求，应将其整合进正式规划”vs“它们不合美学且代表叛逆，不应被纳入正式规划”。故选A。

4.4.The example of the Wickguasgeck Trail illustrates

A the growth of New York City.

B the Dutch origin of desire paths.

C the importance of urban planning.

D the recognition of desire paths.

解析：选D。4.D推理判断题。第四段首先指出Wickquasgeck Trail是历史上欲望路径的一个示例（The Wickquasgeck Trail is a example of a historical desire path）。随后以created by...、When...was widened and made into...、Folllowing... was renamed...、Notably...stands out as...阐述了其发展史：由土著美国人为了穿越曼哈顿林区而建→被荷兰殖民者拓宽变为主要贸易道路“绅士街”→被英国接管者重新命名为百老汇大道→成了纽约市极少数不遵循网格系统的区域之一，斜穿城市多个地带。可见，整段是在以Wickquasgeck Trail为例展现欲望路径不断被认可、被融入城市规划的历史，D项正确。故选D。

5.5.It can be learned from the last paragraph that desire paths

A reveal humans’ deep respect for nature.

B are crucial to humans’ mental wellbeing.

C are a human imitation of animal behavior.

D show a shared trait in humans and animals

解析：选D。5.D推理判断题。末段首句指出创建欲望路径是人类和动物共有的行为（in both human and animal experiences），第二句则指出，欲望路径的纵横交错成为了“开辟非传统路线并拥抱共同选择精神”的决心。联系两句可得：人和动物都执着于创建欲望路径，这一行为体现了其共同的特性。选项正确概括末两句信息，reveal近义替换stand as a proof of; a shared trait（trait意为a particular characteristic, quality, or tendency that sb or sth has“特征；特性”）指代the collective insistence on forging unconventional routes and embracing the spirit of communal choice。 故选D。