Prague is synonymous with pubs. Czechs (捷克人) drink nearly 150 litres of beer per person every year, making their country the world’s top beer consumer, and Prague claims the most pubs per head of any city on the planet. Yet most visitors never taste the real thing: they crowd Old Town Square, cross the Charles Bridge and climb to the Castle, rarely exploring beyond the tourist-mobbed centre.

To get under the skin of Czech culture, travellers should head to Žižkov, a working-class district where traditional pubs called hospoda still serve mainly locals. There, a construction worker, a lawyer, a professor and a pensioner may sit at neighbouring tables, drinking exactly the same beer. As local guide Martin Havlin puts it, pubs in Žižkov “are still mainly for locals” — nobody tries too hard to look authentically Czech for tourists.

What makes a hospoda special is not the beer alone. “Going to the pub in Czech culture isn’t necessarily about going out drinking,” says Jakub Neužil of Prague Craft Beer Tours. “Historically, the hospoda has been an extension of the living room: somewhere to meet friends, discuss football, politics, work and life.” Beer simply happens to sit at the centre.

Pubs have also played a part in Czech history. In the 19th century, the Czech National Revival — which eventually led to the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918 — was fomented in Czech cafes and pubs, where the language was commonly spoken. During the heavily oppressive years from 1948 to 1989, however, pubs served more as “an environment for escape,” according to Dr Jiří Vinopal.

The care Czechs give to beer reflects this history. Bartenders(酒保) rinse chilled mugs to remove any fat, then pour with the Czech-invented Lukr side-tap, which allows better control of the foam and sends far less gas into the drink. “The brewer(酿造师) brews the beer; the bartender makes it,” as a common saying goes. True old-fashioned hospoda pubs are growing harder to find, but places like Žižkov’s U Vystřelenýho Oka and U Sadu still embody the spirit: endless refills and radical social equality.

1.1. According to the author, how can travelers experience real Czech pub culture?

A Visiting Žižkov pubs.

B Staying in Old Town.

C Touring Prague Castle.

D Trying museum cafes.

解析：选A。A细节理解题。根据第二段的“To get under the skin of Czech culture, travellers should head to Žižkov, a working-class district where traditional pubs called hospoda still serve mainly locals.”，且游客大多“rarely exploring beyond the tourist-mobbed centre”，可知作者建议去Žižkov的本地酒吧，故选A；B与原文建议相反（颠倒是非），C属常规景点而非体验真正文化（曲解文意），D无中生有。

2.2. What does “an extension of the living room” imply about a hospoda?

A Simply a drinking place.

B Center of social life.

C A formal meeting room.

D An outdoor space.

解析：选B。B推理判断题。根据第三段的“the hospoda has been an extension of the living room: somewhere to meet friends, discuss football, politics, work and life”，可推酒吧是社交生活中心而非单纯喝酒处，故选B；A 与“isn’t necessarily about going out drinking”相反（颠倒是非），C无中生有，D把living room按字面理解（曲解比喻）。

3.3. What does the underlined word “fomented” probably mean?

A Started and encouraged.

B Stopped and controlled.

C Forgotten and lost.

D Recorded and kept.

解析：选A。A词义猜测题。根据第四段的“the Czech National Revival — which eventually led to the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918 — was fomented in Czech cafes and pubs, where the language was commonly spoken”——这场运动最终促成 1918 年捷克斯洛伐克的建立。（led to the founding），且发生在“捷克语通行的酒吧里”，可知它正是在咖啡馆和酒馆里被发起并推动的，故fomented意为“被酝酿、被促成”，选A；B与19世纪史实相反（颠倒是非，借用后文“压抑年代”干扰），C与“最终建国”的结果矛盾（曲解文意），D把酒吧当作记录场所（张冠李戴）。

4.4. What is the author’s attitude towards traditional hospoda?

A Doubtful.

B Indifferent.

C Unclear.

D Favourable.

解析：选D。D观点态度题。作者称hospoda为“an extension of the living room”，肯定其“endless refills and radical social equality”，虽叹老式酒吧难寻仍正面评价其精神，故选D Favourable；Doubtful、Indifferent、Unclear 均与积极基调不符（曲解文意）。