A Chinese-made shield tunneling machine (盾构隧道机) named “Linghang” is making history. It’s digging a 14.25-kilometer tunnel to allow high-speed trains to travel under the Yangtze River. It had completed 11.18 kilometers by March 29 this year.

“Linghang” is 148 meters long and weighs about 4,000 tons, making it the world’s largest high-speed rail shield tunneling machine. It also has many high technologies, such as a smart digging system and another system to keep water out under high water pressure. Besides, it can give early warnings in real time. These advantages help “Linghang” deal with challenges like huge water pressure, complex geology (复杂的地质) and non-stopping digging. Once finished, the tunnel will allow high-speed trains to cross the river at 350 km/h without slowing down.

This project shows China’s growing power in infrastructure (基础建设). Twenty years ago, China had no shield tunneling machines.    ▲    But today, Chinese-made shield tunneling machines are sold to over 40 countries, holding 70% of the market of the world. As one engineer said, “This is not just a technical achievement. It shows China’s leading role in building high-speed underwater tunnels.” Under the great river, China is building a road to the future.

1.1. How long is the tunnel under the Yangtze River?

A 148 meters.

B 11.18 kilometers.

C 14.25 kilometers.

D

解析：选C。细节理解题。第一段原句 "It's digging a 14.25-kilometer tunnel to allow high-speed trains to travel under the Yangtze River"（它正在挖掘一条 14.25 公里的隧道，让高铁从长江底下穿过）直接给出隧道全长，故选 C。干扰项辨析：A"148 米" 是盾构机 "领航" 自身的长度（第二段），不是隧道长度；B"11.18 公里" 是截至 3 月 29 日已完成的长度，不是隧道全长。三个数字均来自原文，但对应对象不同，属典型的 "数字混淆" 型干扰项。此题考查对多个数字及其对应对象的精准区分。

2.2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A The tunnel.

B The high-speed rail.

C The “Linghang” machine.

D

解析：选C。词义猜测题。第二段整段围绕 "Linghang" 展开 —— 介绍其长度、重量、高科技系统、预警功能等。画线词所在句 "Besides, it can give early warnings in real time"（此外，它还能实时发出预警）中，能 "发出预警" 的显然是拥有智能系统的盾构机本身，故 it 指代 the "Linghang" machine。A tunnel（隧道）和 B high-speed rail（高铁）均不具备 "发出预警" 的功能。此题考查代词指代，解题关键是看代词所在句的主语话题以及前后文的核心描述对象。

3.3. What do we know about “Linghang”?

A It has a long history.

B It has high technologies.

C It has huge water pressure.

D

解析：选B。细节理解题。第二段原句 "It also has many high technologies, such as a smart digging system..."（它还拥有许多高科技，比如智能挖掘系统……）与 B 项完全对应。干扰项辨析：A"历史悠久" 与首段 "is making history"（正在创造历史）以及第三段 "二十年前中国还没有盾构机" 矛盾 ——"领航" 是新机器，并非历史悠久；C"拥有巨大水压" 偷换概念 —— 原文是 "deal with challenges like huge water pressure"（应对巨大水压等挑战），水压是外部挑战，不是机器自身拥有的东西。此题考查对细节的准确理解，警惕 "偷换概念" 型干扰项。

4.4. Which sentence can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph 3?

A We had a digging system.

B We had to buy them from abroad.

C We couldn’t cross the Yangtze River.

D

解析：选B。细节理解题。▲处前句 "Twenty years ago, China had no shield tunneling machines"（二十年前，中国还没有盾构隧道机），后句 "But today, Chinese-made shield tunneling machines are sold to over 40 countries"（但如今，国产盾构隧道机已销往 40 多个国家）。前后构成 "过去落后→如今领先" 的强烈对比，中间应填入描述过去困境的句子 ——"我们不得不从国外购买它们"，既承接 "没有盾构机" 的后果，又与 "如今销往国外" 形成鲜明对照，故选 B。A"有挖掘系统" 与 "没有盾构机" 矛盾；C"无法渡过长江" 偏离话题（文章讲的是盾构机，不是渡江）。此题考查利用上下文对比逻辑还原句子，"But" 是关键转折标志词。

5.5. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text?

A To explain how “Linghang” works.

B To introduce what “Linghang” looks like.

C To show China’s power in infrastructure.

D

解析：选C。主旨大意题。第三段首句明确点题 "This project shows China's growing power in infrastructure"（这个项目展示了中国日益增长的基础建设实力），随后用 "二十年前没有→如今占全球 70% 市场" 的对比、工程师的话以及末句 "Under the great river, China is building a road to the future"（在大江之下，中国正在修建一条通往未来的道路）反复强化这一主旨，故 C 正确。干扰项辨析：A"解释如何工作"—— 文章只列举了智能系统等功能，并未详细解释工作原理；B"介绍长什么样"—— 长度、重量只是第二段的部分细节，以偏概全。此题考查把握说明文主旨，注意段落首句的主题句作用。