Plastic production has been rising since the end of World War II. Plastic has greatly influenced modern life. It is widely used in clothing, electronic goods, cars and healthcare. In fact, plastic is not a single material. A study shows that 16, 000 different chemicals are used in making plastics. When plastic ends up in nature, it can take hundreds of years to break down. It pollutes soil and water.

People have realized the plastic pollution problem. Thanks to modern recycling technology, we see products made from recycled plastic — from T-shirts to bags to building materials. This is the magic of turning waste plastic into valuable products.

Scientists are developing more and more effective methods to recycle waste plastic. For example, researchers break down plastics into reusable chemicals by using heat, pressure and a kind of special water. Another technology creates a plastic mix to break down waste plastic into oil for new plastics. Scientists also use electric current (电流) to turn waste plastic into high quality graphene (石墨烯). The graphene helps to develop new cancer treatments.

Recycling reduces the need to produce new plastic from oil. Besides, it helps to control environmental pollution. However, recycling plastic is not always easy. Different types of waste plastics must be separated and well cleaned.

China has been stressing the importance of recycling and has taken action to improve it. Many schools try to encourage students to recycle properly. For example, students may get an award, such as a small toy or a pencil, for putting empty bottles into smart recycling machines. Factories are encouraged to use recycled materials in their products. With each recycled bottle, China moves one step closer to a future where nothing is truly wasted—everything is just waiting for its next use.

1.1. What do we know about plastic from Paragraph 1?

A Plastic production started after World War II.

B Plastic is commonly used in modern life.

C There are many ways of producing plastic.

D Producing plastic takes a long time.

解析：选B。细节理解题。第一段原句 "It is widely used in clothing, electronic goods, cars and healthcare"（它被广泛用于服装、电子产品、汽车和医疗保健领域），widely used 与 B 项 commonly used 同义，故 B 正确。干扰项辨析：A 偷换概念 —— 原文是 "has been rising since the end of World War II"（自二战结束以来一直在上升），并非 "始于二战后"；C 无中生有 —— 文中提到 16000 种化学物质，并未说生产方法多；D 张冠李戴 ——"需要数百年" 的是塑料分解（break down），而非生产塑料。此题考查对第一段多个细节的准确理解，警惕偷换概念和张冠李戴。

2.2. In which way can waste plastic be recycled?

A By mixing reusable chemicals into it.

B By inventing a plastic mix to break it down.

C By breaking down high quality graphene.

D By developing new cancer treatments.

解析：选B。细节理解题。第三段介绍了三种回收方法，其中第二种 "Another technology creates a plastic mix to break down waste plastic into oil for new plastics"（另一种技术创造出一种塑料混合物，将废塑料分解成油，用于制造新塑料）与 B 项完全对应。干扰项辨析：A 方向错误 —— 原文是 "break down plastics into reusable chemicals"（将塑料分解成可重复使用的化学物质），而非 "把化学物质混入塑料"；C 张冠李戴 —— 原文是用电流把废塑料 "变成" 石墨烯，而非 "分解" 石墨烯；D 偏离主题 —— 石墨烯 "有助于" 开发癌症治疗方法，这是回收成果的应用，不是回收方法本身。此题考查对多种方法的精准区分，警惕动作方向颠倒。

3.3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A Oil.

B New plastic.

C The need.

D Recycling.

解析：选D。词义猜测题。第四段前两句 "Recycling reduces the need to produce new plastic from oil. Besides, it helps to control environmental pollution"（回收减少了从石油中生产新塑料的需求。此外，它还有助于控制环境污染）。前句主语是 Recycling（回收），后句 it 承接同一主语，说明回收的第二个好处，故 it 指代 Recycling。A oil（石油）、B new plastic（新塑料）、C the need（需求）均不能 "帮助控制环境污染"，只有回收可以。此题考查代词指代，解题关键是看前句主语及 it 所在句的语义功能。

4.4. What does the last paragraph focus on?

A The importance of recycling.

B The awards for recycling.

C The efforts in recycling.

D The future of recycling.

解析：选C。主旨大意题。最后一段首句 "China has been stressing the importance of recycling and has taken action to improve it"（中国一直强调回收的重要性，并已采取行动加以改进）是主题句，随后列举学校鼓励学生回收（智能回收机 + 奖励）、工厂鼓励使用回收材料等具体措施，全段围绕 "中国在回收方面所做的努力和行动" 展开，故 C 正确。干扰项辨析：A"重要性" 只是首句的铺垫，并非段落重点；B"奖励" 只是学校措施中的一个细节，以偏概全；D"未来" 只在末句以比喻形式点到，是收尾升华而非段落核心。此题考查段落主旨，注意区分 "主题句铺垫" 与 "段落核心展开"。

5.5. Which would be the best title for the text?

A Plastic Production over Time

B Waste Plastic: Serious Pollution

C Effective Methods of Using Plastic

D Recycling: New Life of Waste Plastic

解析：选D。主旨大意题。全文结构为：塑料污染问题（第一段）→ 回收的意义与产品（第二段）→ 回收的科学方法（第三段）→ 回收的好处与困难（第四段）→ 中国的回收行动（第五段）。全文核心是 "通过回收让废塑料获得新生"，D 项 "Recycling: New Life of Waste Plastic" 精准概括主题，且与第二段 "turning waste plastic into valuable products"、末段 "everything is just waiting for its next use" 形成呼应。干扰项辨析：A 只覆盖第一段背景，以偏概全；B 只强调污染问题，而文章重点是解决方案而非问题本身；C"使用塑料的有效方法" 偏离主题 —— 文章讲的是回收（recycling）而非使用（using）。此题考查对全文主旨的把握，注意文章 "提出问题→解决问题" 的结构。