Many dry places around the world get very little rain. For people living there, finding water is difficult. Scientists in Chile have a fresh idea: collecting water from fog.

Fog is like a cloud near the ground. The scientists studied how to collect water from fog using large mesh (网) screens. When fog passes through these meshes, tiny water drops stay on them. The water then slowly falls into big containers (容器) below. This method is cheap and easy for dry areas.

The scientists tested this in a desert town. This town gets only 5 mm of rain each year. Now, trucks send drinking water to the town every week. But a scientist said fog collecting could change this. “Fog water is free and clean,” she explained. She called it “a useful water source” and said “water from clouds” might help cities fight climate problems. “We don’t need to wait for rain anymore,” she added.

In Chile, some towns already use fog water. A local teacher shared, “Before, our students carried water to school. Now, the meshes give us some water every day. The children don’t have to carry heavy bottles.”

However, the meshes need care. Strong winds can break them, leaving large holes on them. This will greatly reduce their ability to collect water. Therefore, people need to check them quite often.

One of the scientists said this method could help towns in dry areas get clean water easily. “It gives hope to dry places,” she added. With fog meshes, life in these towns will become better.

1.12. What did the scientist call “a useful water source”?

A The cloud.

B The truck.

C Rain water.

D Fog water.

解析：选D。细节理解题（指代定位）。原文定位句：“Fog water is free and clean,” she explained. She called it “a useful water source”…语法逻辑：代词 it 就近指代前面出现的Fog water（雾水）。✅D 雾水。❌A cloud 云，雾来自云，但被称作水源的不是云；❌B truck 卡车，卡车只是运水工具，不是水源；❌C rain water 雨水，本文讲不靠雨水，从雾取水。⚠解题要点：遇到 it，向前找最近的名词，理清代词指代对象。

2.13. Why do people often check the meshes?

A To clean them.

B To design them.

C To repair them.

D To spread them.

解析：选C。细节理解题（因果逻辑）。定位原文第五段：However, the meshes need care. Strong winds can break them, leaving large holes on them. This will greatly reduce their ability to collect water. Therefore, people need to check them quite often.翻译：网幕需要养护。大风会把网撕破，出现大洞，大幅降低集水能力，因此人们需要经常检查。检查的目的：发现破损，进行修理维护。✅C To repair them 为了修理它们。❌A clean them（清洁）文中完全没有提到清洗网；❌B design them（设计），网已经造好投入使用，不是再去设计；❌D spread them（铺开、展开），不是检查的目的。解题技巧：therefore（因此）揭示因果，前面讲问题（被大风撕破），后面讲对策（经常检查，修理破损）。

3.14. Where can we read this text?

A In a diary.

B In a newspaper.

C In a storybook.

D In a travel magazine.

解析：选B。推理判断题。文章是一篇科技科普短文，介绍智利一项解决干旱缺水的新技术，属于科技新闻报道。✅B In a newspaper 在报纸上（科技新闻板块）。❌A diary 日记：日记以第一人称记录个人生活感受，本文客观介绍科研成果，不是日记；❌C storybook 故事书：本文不是虚构故事，是真实科研项目；❌D travel magazine 旅游杂志：文章不介绍景点、旅行，和旅游无关。解题技巧：区分四种出版物的内容特点，客观科技新闻一般登载在报纸。

4.15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for this text?

A A creative idea to reuse water

B A fresh way to collect water

C A new plan to send drinking water

D A good method to use rain water

解析：选B。主旨大意题（选最佳标题）。全文核心：发明从雾气中收集水，是一种全新获取水资源的手段。✅B A fresh way to collect water 一种新颖的取水方式。文中第一段也出现原词fresh idea，前后呼应。❌A reuse water “重复利用水” 错误，本文不是回收再利用旧水，是从雾气中获取新的水；❌C send drinking water “运送饮用水” 只是小镇现状，是背景，不是文章主题；❌D use rain water “利用雨水” 错误，本文恰恰说不用等待下雨，不靠雨水。⚠做题提醒：标题必须概括全文核心，排除只概括局部、概念偷换的干扰选项。