中考真题2025年四川省攀枝花市阅读理解D-走进沙漠世界
Deserts may seem lifeless, but in fact, many kinds of living things have developed special ways to live in the hard environments. You may think that there are no people living in desert areas. But actually, more than one billion people, one-sixth of the Earth’s population, live there.
So what is a desert? Deserts cover more than one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, and they are found on every continent (洲). A place that receives less than 25 cm of rain every year is considered a desert. Only about 20% of deserts are covered by sand. Some have mountains, rocks or lakes.
The largest hot desert in the world, northern Africa’s Sahara, even reached temperatures of up to 56℃. But some deserts are always cold, like the Gobi Desert in Asia and the Antarctic Ice Sheet (南极冰盖), which is the world’s coldest. The coldest recorded temperature there is -89℃. The driest desert Chile’s Atacama Desert has parts that receive less than 2 mm of rain a year.
Desert animals have their own ways to keep cool and use less water. Camels can go for weeks without water. Many desert animals spend much of their time underground to keep cool. Desert plants may have to live without fresh water for years at a time. Some plants grow long roots (根) that get water from deep in the Earth. Other plants have roots that spread out a long way so they can take in the rain as soon as it falls, such as cactuses (仙人掌).
Life is hard in the desert for animals and plants. But they’ve got used to the life there.
1.1. Which writing skill is used in Paragraph 2?
A Listing numbers.
B Giving reasons.
C Telling stories.
D Asking questions.
解析：选A。A 写作手法题。 解析：第二段用“more than one-fifth”“less than 25 cm”“about 20%”等具体数字说明沙漠的分布与定义，属于列数字（Listing numbers），故选A。
2.2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A Few people live in desert areas.
B All deserts are covered by sand.
C There are deserts on all continents.
D The Gobi Desert in Asia is very hot.
解析：选C。 C 细节理解题。 解析：第二段“they are found on every continent”说明每个大洲都有沙漠，C正确；A与第一段“more than one billion people”不符；B与“Only about 20% of deserts are covered by sand”不符；D与第三段“some deserts are always cold, like the Gobi Desert”不符。
3.3. Compared with the Sahara Desert, what is the Atacama Desert like? A. Hotter and wetter. B. Hotter and drier. C. Colder and wetter. D. Colder and drier.
A Hotter and wetter.
B Hotter and drier.
C Colder and wetter.
D Colder and drier.
解析：选D。D 细节理解题。 解析：原文明确说撒哈拉是“The largest hot desert”，温度最高达56℃；阿塔卡马是“The driest desert”，部分地区年降雨不足2毫米。因此可以确定阿塔卡马比撒哈拉“更干”。再看选项：A“更热更湿”、C“更冷更湿”都含“wetter”，与阿塔卡马“最干”矛盾，排除；B“更热更干”中“更热”不成立，因为撒哈拉已是“最热”的热沙漠，阿塔卡马不可能比它更热，排除；只剩D“更冷更干”。其中“更干”有原文直接依据，“更冷”是结合撒哈拉“最热”及选项排除后得出的合理选择。
4.4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A How camels and cactuses stay cool in the high temperatures.
B How desert animals and plants survive the hard environments.
C Why desert animals and plants can live without fresh water.
D Why the hot and dry weather has no influence on desert lives.
解析：选B。B 段落大意题。 解析：第四段讲骆驼数周不喝水、动物躲地下避热、植物长深根或广根取水等，核心是沙漠动植物如何在艰苦环境中生存，B最准确；A只是例子，C、D表述片面或错误。
5.5. Where can you probably find this passage?
A A history book.
B A tourist guidebook.
C A science fiction novel.
D A geography magazine.
解析：选D。D 推理判断题。 解析：全文介绍沙漠的分布、气候与动植物适应方式，属于地理科普内容，最可能出现在地理杂志上，故选D。