四级真题2023年12月第一套Passage One

时文摘要

我有一个坏习惯,就是当人们问我最近怎么样时,我都会回答说。有时是因为我真的很忙,但有的时候是因为我觉得我应该这么回答。重要人物都是这么回答的。那些升职的人也是这么回答的。但长时间工作并不能带来更好的结果。从不休假也不会让你得到晋升。那么,为什么我们总是如此自豪地谈论我们有多忙呢?


One of my bad habits is saying "busy"when people ask me how I'm doing.Sometimes it's because I actually am busy,but other times it's because that's what I think I'm supposed to say.That's what important people say.That's what people who get promoted say.But working long hours doesn't drive better results. Never taking a vacation won't lead to a promotion.So why are we so proud to talk about how busy we are all the time?

In 2016,researchers from Columbia,Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status,and interestingly,these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words,the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work,the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.
That's why we feel like we have to appear busy,and there's a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings,emails,and stress,then they're probably a big deal.This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance.According to a recent study,one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout (精疲力竭).
Personally, I'm going to stop saying "busy"when people ask me how I am.It sounds selfrighteous (自以 为是的)and sets the wrong tone.Phrases like "I have limited access to email"and "T'l respond as soon as I get back”sound like you're being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off.
That's why we recently launched the Out of Office Email Generator,a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or tip.You can share loud and proud that you won't be checking email until you're back. Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talking about how busy they are. Leaders should take time off themselves and encourage employees to do the same.

1. 1. What is a reason for the author to be in the habit of saying "busy"when asked how he is doing?

A    He just follows successful people's example.

B    He is actually proud to be fully occupied.

C    He thinks everyone should be devoted to work.

D    He believes busyness ensures accomplishments.

2. 2. Why do we tend to think that busy people are of high status?

A    Our status can be attributed to our social mobility.

B    We hold the belief that hard work leads to success.

C    Our own opportunity for success never comes easily.

D    We find few people of high status have time for leisure.

3. 3. What do we learn about the culture of busyness from a recent study?

A    It places employees in endless meetings,emails and stress.

B    It compels some 20%of employees to appear always busy.

C    It distorts many employees'belief of what a satisfying life is.

D    It does much harm to many busy employees'well-being.

4. 4. What do such utterances as “I have limited access to email”sound like according to the author?

A    One is too busy to check all emails in time.

B    One is opposed to the prevailing work culture.

C    One is forced by circumstances to stop working.

D    One is simply enjoying their time off work.

5. 5. Why did the author and his colleagues launch the Out of Office Email Generator?

A    To enable busy employees to spend less time checking emails.

B    To ensure employees as well as employers truly have time off.

C    To stop managers from talking about how busy their teams usually are.

D    To encourage both employers and employees to answer emails promptly.

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