In a significant discovery, mosquitoes have been detected in Iceland for the first time. This event is closely linked to the ongoing changes in our global climate. The first mosquito was spotted by an Icelandic insect enthusiast, who noticed a “strange fly” and shared his finding online. Following this, scientists confirmed the presence of three mosquitoes in the country.

The identified species is Culiseta annulata, a type of mosquito known for its tolerance to colder climates. It is commonly found across Europe, including the UK, and has also established itself in parts of North America. This mosquito often lays its eggs in artificial containers like rain barrels or discarded tires, which helps it spread to new areas.

What makes this discovery particularly significant is that Iceland was previously one of the few places in the world, alongside Antarctica, without mosquitoes. The country’s cold climate and specific ecological conditions, especially the absence of the warm, stagnant (不流动的) water needed for breeding, had kept them away. However, this is changing. Iceland is warming at an alarming rate, much faster than the global average, creating conditions that can now support these insects.

The arrival of mosquitoes is more than just a nuisance; it is a public health concern. Mosquitoes are well-known carriers of various diseases. As global temperatures rise, these insects can expand their range and breed more efficiently, increasing the risk of transmitting illnesses. Warmer weather accelerates the development of mosquitoes and the pathogens (病原体) they carry, while higher humidity and increased rainfall create more breeding habitats. 

Experts describe climate change as a “perfect storm” for the spread of mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. It affects nearly every part of their life cycle, from breeding to biting rates. This discovery in Iceland was made possible by a “citizen scientist”, highlighting how public involvement is crucial in tracking environmental changes. Scientists encourage people to use special apps to report mosquito sightings, helping to monitor their spread in a warming world.

1. 1. What is the main significance of the mosquito discovery in Iceland?

A    It was made by a citizen scientist.

B    It reflects global climate impacts.

C    It confirms a new species in Europe.

D    It highlights insect enthusiast efforts.

2. 2. Why is Culiseta annulata able to colonize new regions?

A    It has strong adaptability to warmer climates.

B    It relies on natural water bodies for breeding.

C    It benefits from human-related environments.

D    It has a faster reproductive rate than other species.

3. 3. What can we infer about Iceland before the discovery of mosquitoes?

A    It had warm stagnant water.

B    Its climate was not suitable for mosquitoes.

C    It had many mosquito species.

D    It was as warm as North America.

4. 4. What do experts think of the role of citizen scientists?

A    Meaningless.

B    Hazardous.

C    Tiresome.

D    Beneficial.