Students in the Chinese city have been ranked in top place in international school tests, and the World Bank has published a report investigating Shanghai’s academic success.
It found that the standard of teaching was the biggest advantage, including a system of constant teacher training and upgrading of skills. Teachers in Shanghai, on average, spend only a third of their time teaching—with most of their time being spent on training, preparation and working with mentors(导师).
There are serious requirements to get into teaching and even though teachers can be dismissed, the study found that, in practice, this was rare. Instead, there was a system with a very strong emphasis on training and a career built on incentives(奖励) for the best teachers.
Head teachers are expected to carry on teaching and part of their pay is linked to their school’s performance. There are incentives for teachers and head teachers to work in tougher underperforming and rural schools—such as helping their careers to advance more quickly. And there can be rotations(轮流) of teachers working in the most disadvantaged schools.
The World Bank also found that Shanghai benefited from an “entrusted school” system in which stronger schools were “twinned” with weaker schools and expected to raise their standards. The most recent international Pisa tests, run by the OECD, have put Shanghai in top place for maths, reading and science in a global league table of countries and regional school systems.
Report author Xiaoyan Liang said, “One of the most impressive aspects of Shanghai’s education system is the way it improves, supports and manages teachers, who are central to any effort to raise the education quality in schools.” She said the high level of public respect for teachers in Shanghai was another reflection of how well they teach. They’re true professionals.
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