初中英语语法知识点汇总：定语从句（考点精讲+口诀速记+真题）

文章发布：奇速英语 发布时间：Oct 27, 2025 3:23:48 PM      访问量:1189

初中英语语法知识点汇总：定语从句（考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习）

定语从句是奇速英语AI伴学初中英语语法的“高频难点”，核心是用一个句子修饰前面的名词/代词（即先行词），常考于单选、完形和写作，掌握它能让句子表达更丰富。以下从考点、口诀、真题三方面拆解，帮你轻松吃透。

一、奇速英语AI伴学核心考点精讲（3大核心+易错点）

1. 先明确“三要素”：先行词、关系词、从句

定语从句的本质是“修饰成分”，必须包含三个关键部分：

- 先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（通常在从句前），如：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（先行词是“the book”，被从句“我昨天买的”修饰）

- 关系词：连接先行词和从句的词，分两类：

- 关系代词（在从句中作主语/宾语/定语）：that（指人/物）、which（指物）、who（指人，主格）、whom（指人，宾格）、whose（指人/物，表“……的”）

- 关系副词（在从句中作状语，表时间/地点/原因）：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因，仅修饰“reason”）

- 从句：紧跟关系词的完整句子，需注意“关系词在从句中要充当成分”，不能多余。

2. 关系词“怎么选”：看先行词+从句成分

这是初中最核心的考点，分两步判断：

1. 第一步：确定先行词的类型（人/物/时间/地点）；

2. 第二步：看关系词在从句中作什么成分（主语/宾语/状语）。

- 例1（先行词指物，从句缺宾语）：The pen which/that I lost yesterday was found.（先行词“pen”是物，从句“我昨天丢的”缺宾语，用which/that，且可省略）

- 例2（先行词指人，从句缺主语）：The girl who/that is singing is my sister.（先行词“girl”是人，从句“正在唱歌的”缺主语，用who/that，不可省略）

- 例3（先行词表地点，从句缺状语）：This is the school where I studied.（先行词“school”是地点，从句“我学习的”不缺主宾语，缺地点状语，用where）

3. 3个“易错雷区”要避开

- 雷区1：关系词重复作成分。如错误句子：This is the man who he helped me.（who已作从句宾语，“he”多余，应改为“This is the man who helped me”）

- 雷区2：先行词是“物”时，只用that不用which的情况：

- 先行词被“all/every/no/only”等词修饰：All the books that I have are new.

- 先行词是“不定代词”（something/anything/nothing等）：I have something that I want to tell you.

- 雷区3：whose表“……的”，可指人也可指物：The boy whose mother is a doctor is my classmate.（指人，“男孩的妈妈”）；The house whose window is broken is old.（指物，“房子的窗户”）

二、奇速英语AI伴学口诀速记（2句搞定关系词选择）

定语从句不犯愁，两步判断记心头：

1. 先看先行词“是人是物”（人用who/whom/that，物用which/that，时间when地点where）；

2. 再看从句“缺啥成分”（缺主宾用代词，缺状用副词，whose表“谁的”）。

三、奇速英语名师大串讲：3招攻克中考定语从句

奇速英语教研组结合2025年中考命题趋势，提炼出“定位-分析-排除”三步提分法，帮你考场稳拿分：

1. 第一招：“先行词定位法”——找对“靶心”不跑偏

拿到题目先圈出先行词，这是选对关系词的前提。中考常考的先行词类型就三类：

- 指人：如teacher, student, player等，优先考虑who/that/whom/whose；

- 指物：如book, school, pen等，优先考虑which/that/whose；

- 表时间/地点：如day, year, park, factory等，再结合从句成分判断用关系副词when/where还是关系代词。

比如2025年江苏盐城中考真题：“The doctor ______ saved my grandma is very kind.” 先行词是“doctor”（指人），直接锁定who/that选项，排除which/where等干扰项。

2. 第二招：“从句成分分析法”——精准匹配不盲目

定位先行词后，快速分析从句的句子结构，看缺主语、宾语还是状语：

- 从句缺主语/宾语用关系代词（that/who/which等）；

- 从句不缺主宾语，缺时间/地点/原因状语用关系副词（when/where/why）。

名师提醒：这是中考最易失分的点。比如“ This is the factory ______ my father worked.” 先行词“factory”是地点，但从句“my father worked”不缺主宾语（worked是不及物动词），缺地点状语，所以用where，而非which。

3. 第三招：“特殊规则速排法”——避开陷阱不丢分

中考会直接考查“只能用that”“介词+关系代词”等特殊规则，记住以下2个高频场景即可快速排除错误选项：

- 看到先行词是all/something/nothing等不定代词，或被only/最高级修饰，直接选that，排除which；

- 看到关系词前有介词（如with/in/for），指人用whom，指物用which，排除who/that。

比如题目中出现“All the photos ______ I took in Beijing are missing.” 先行词“all”是不定代词，直接排除which，选that。

四、2025中考真题30道精选

1. （2025·湖北武汉）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ______ developed hybrid rice.

A. which B. who C. what D. where

2. （2025·广东广州）The storybook ______ my mother bought me last week is very interesting.

A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

3. （2025·江苏苏州）This is the classroom ______ we had our first lesson together.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

4. （2025·山东济南）I will never forget the day ______ I met my English teacher for the first time.

A. which B. who C. when D. whose

5. （2025·四川成都）The girl ______ hair is long and black comes from Sichuan.

A. who B. whose C. which D. whom

6. （2025·浙江杭州）Do you know the boy ______ is talking with our headmaster?

A. which B. whom C. who D. where

7. （2025·湖南长沙）This is the dictionary ______ I need for my English study.

A. what B. which C. who D. whose

8. （2025·河北石家庄）The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the bus.

A. why B. where C. which D. when

9. （2025·河南郑州）All ______ we need to do now is to work hard for our dreams.

A. which B. that C. who D. what

10. （2025·陕西西安）My aunt, ______ is a nurse, works in a big hospital in Xi'an.

A. that B. which C. who D. where

11. （2025·山西太原）The computer ______ my father bought yesterday doesn't work now.

A. who B. which C. whom D. whose

12. （2025·辽宁沈阳）I still remember the park ______ we played together when we were young.

A. where B. that C. which D. who

13. （2025·吉林长春）The boy ______ we met at the school gate is our new classmate.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. where

14. （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨）This is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read.

A. which B. who C. that D. what

15. （2025·安徽合肥）Do you know the man ______ our teacher is talking to?

A. who B. which C. whose D. when

16. （2025·福建福州）The house ______ windows face south is very bright.

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

17. （2025·江西南昌）I have something important ______ I want to tell you.

A. that B. which C. who D. whom

18. （2025·广西南宁）The woman ______ is wearing a red coat is my neighbor.

A. which B. who C. whom D. where

19. （2025·云南昆明）This is the town ______ my grandparents lived for twenty years.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

20. （2025·贵州贵阳）The student ______ answered the question correctly got a small gift.

A. who B. which C. whom D. whose

21. （2025·甘肃兰州）The book ______ cover is green is about environmental protection.

A. that B. which C. who D. whose

22. （2025·青海西宁）I don't like the movies ______ are too scary.

A. who B. which C. whom D. where

23. （2025·宁夏银川）The day ______ I joined the English club was October 1st.

A. when B. that C. which D. whose

24. （2025·新疆乌鲁木齐）The man ______ we helped yesterday is a disabled person.

A. which B. who C. whose D. where

25. （2025·内蒙古呼和浩特）This is the only pen ______ I have in my pencil box.

A. which B. that C. who D. whom

26. （2025·江苏无锡）The girl ______ mother is a doctor often helps others.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

27. （2025·山东青岛）Do you remember the time ______ we spent together in the countryside?

A. when B. where C. that D. why

28. （2025·浙江宁波）The school ______ my brother studies is far from our home.

A. where B. that C. which D. who

29. （2025·湖南株洲）The stories ______ my grandma told me are very interesting.

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

30. （2025·四川绵阳）The teacher ______ class we enjoyed very much is leaving next week.

A. who B. whose C. which D. whom

五、真题答案

1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B

2. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C

3. B 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A

4. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A

5. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. B

6. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. B